Early Modern Britain, 1450–1750: 3 (Cambridge History of Britain, Series Number 3)

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The Safavid Empire: A Persian empire that ruled over parts of modern-day Iran and Iraq from the early 16th to the mid-18th century. It was known for its use of artillery and its cultural achievements, including the development of a distinct Safavid style of art and architecture. Widmann, Carlo Aurelio; Chiggiato, Alvise (1995). La nave ben manovrata, ossia, Trattato di manovra. Venice: La Malcontenta. pp.ii–iii. OCLC 46795739. many of the large annual emitters today – such as India and Brazil – are not large contributors in a historical context; Butler, James H. (Summer 2012). "The NOAA Annual Greenhouse Gas Index". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration . Retrieved May 11, 2013. IPCC takes the pre-industrial era (arbitrarily chosen as the year 1750) as the baseline. Bach's predecessor as cantor, Johann Kuhnau, had also been music director for the St. Paul's Church, the church of Leipzig University. But when Bach was installed as cantor in 1723, he was put in charge only of music for festal (church holiday) services at the St. Paul's Church; his petition to also provide music for regular Sunday services there (for a corresponding salary increase) went all the way to the Elector but was denied. After this, in 1725, Bach "lost interest" in working even for festal services at the St. Paul's Church and appeared there only on "special occasions". [66] The St. Paul's Church had a much better and newer (1716) organ than did the St. Thomas Church or the St. Nicholas Church. [67] Bach was not required to play any organ in his official duties, but it is believed he liked to play on the St. Paul's Church organ "for his own pleasure". [68] Café Zimmermann, c. 1720

The mean values for TC, TG, low density lipoproteins (LDL) and very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) were significantly higher among the shift workers compared to controls (Table 1). These results agreed with prior studies on elevated cholesterol levels among shift workers [ 21] and on elevated TG associated with shift work [ 5, 26, 27]. This may be due to high incidence of reduced sleep duration associated with the shift workers. Reduced sleep has been linked to disruption of biological rhythms and hence dyslipidaemia [ 28]. An alternative explanation could be that the subjects may have eaten during the night shift. This is however a remote possibility, since subjects who admitted to eating during night shift were disqualified from the study. Weinreb, Ben; Hibbert, Christopher (1995). The London Encyclopaedia. Macmillan. p.976. ISBN 0-333-57688-8. October 14– The Louvre Museum is created in Paris four years after art critic Lafond de Saint-Yenne calls on the King to allow the display of the royal art collection to the general public. Abel-François Poisson, the Marquis de Marigny, arranges for the display of 110 of the Crown's paintings at the Palais du Luxembourg. [23] The hundreds of sacred works Bach created are usually seen as manifesting not just his craft but also a truly devout relationship with God. [105] [106] He had taught Luther's Small Catechism as the Thomaskantor in Leipzig, and some of his pieces represent it. [107] The Lutheran chorale was the basis of much of his work. In elaborating these hymns into his chorale preludes, he wrote more cogent and tightly integrated works than most, even when they were massive and lengthy. [ citation needed] The large-scale structure of every major Bach sacred vocal work is evidence of subtle, elaborate planning to create a religiously and musically powerful expression. For example, the St Matthew Passion, like other works of its kind, illustrated the Passion with Bible text reflected in recitatives, arias, choruses, and chorales, but in crafting this work, Bach created an overall experience that has been found over the intervening centuries to be both musically thrilling and spiritually profound. [108] January 13– The Treaty of Madrid between Spain and Portugal authorizes a larger Brazil than had the Treaty of Tordesillas of 1494, which originally established the boundaries of the Portuguese and Spanish territories in South America.

Where rounding has been used, totals and sub-totals have been rounded separately and so may not equal the sums of their rounded parts. This also applies to Civilian personnel data expressed in terms of Full-Time Equivalents ( FTE).

Bach published or carefully compiled in manuscript many collections of pieces that explored the range of artistic and technicWorld Health Organization. Reducing risk, promoting healthy life. Geneva: WHO; 2002. http://www.who.int/whr/2002/en/. Leopold, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen, hired Bach to serve as his Kapellmeister (director of music) in 1717. Prince Leopold, himself a musician, appreciated Bach's talents, paid him well and gave him considerable latitude in composing and performing. The prince was a Calvinist and did not use elaborate music in his worship; accordingly, most of Bach's work from this period was secular, [46] including the orchestral suites, cello suites, sonatas and partitas for solo violin, and Brandenburg Concertos. [47] Bach also composed secular cantatas for the court, such as Die Zeit, die Tag und Jahre macht, BWV 134a. August 20– French astronomer Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille, by way of the Foreign Minister, the Marquis de Puisieulx and Netherlands ambassador to Paris Mattheus Lestevenon, sends a letter that ultimately persuades the States-General of the Dutch Republic to allow and partially finance Lacaille's stellar trigonometry mission to the Cape of Good Hope. The expedition departs Lorient on October 21 [18] [19]

Two hundred (113 shift and 87 non-shift) consecutive workers who consented were recruited into the study. A structured questionnaire was administered to deduce information on participant’s age, alcohol consumption pattern, smoking habits, history of diabetes, stroke and hypertension. Results July 9– Traveller Jonas Hanway leaves St. Petersburg to return home, via Germany and the Netherlands. Later the same year, Hanway reputedly becomes the first Englishman to use an umbrella (a French fashion). Creatures of Sonaria, also known as CoS, is a survival RPG on Roblox developed by Sonar Studios. The main goal is to play as a creature and grow them. There are many different creatures to collect and trade in the game. They can also be customized with lots of different palettes.In 1717, Bach eventually fell out of favour in Weimar and, according to a translation of the court secretary's report, was jailed for almost a month before being unfavourably dismissed: "On November6, [1717], the quondam [former] concertmaster and organist Bach was confined to the County Judge's place of detention for too stubbornly forcing the issue of his dismissal and finally on December2 was freed from arrest with notice of his unfavourable discharge." [45] Köthen (1717–1723) Bach's autograph of the first movement of the first sonata for solo violin, BWV1001 Two large-scale compositions occupied a central place in Bach's last years. From around 1742 he wrote and revised the various canons and fugues of The Art of Fugue, which he continued to prepare for publication until shortly before his death. [93] [94] After extracting a cantata, BWV191 from his 1733 Kyrie-Gloria Mass for the Dresden court in the mid-1740s, Bach expanded that setting into his Mass in B minor in the last years of his life. Although the complete mass was never performed during the composer's lifetime, it is considered to be among the greatest choral works in history. [95] From 1740 to 1748 Bach copied, transcribed, expanded or programmed music in an older polyphonic style ( stile antico) by, among others, Palestrina ( BNBI/P/2), [74] Kerll ( BWV241), [75] Torri ( BWVAnh.30), [76] Bassani ( BWV1081), [77] Gasparini ( Missa Canonica) [78] and Caldara ( BWV1082). [79] Bach's own style shifted in the last decade of his life, showing an increased integration of polyphonic structures and canons and other elements of the stile antico. [80] His fourth and last Clavier-Übung volume, the Goldberg Variations, for two-manual harpsichord, contained nine canons and was published in 1741. [81] Throughout this period, Bach also continued to adopt music of contemporaries such as Handel ( BNBI/K/2) [82] and Stölzel ( BWV200), [83] and gave many of his own earlier compositions, such as the St Matthew and St John Passions and the Great Eighteen Chorale Preludes, [84] their final revisions. He also programmed and adapted music by composers of a younger generation, including Pergolesi ( BWV1083) [85] and his own students such as Goldberg ( BNBI/G/2). [86] Allen RR, Carson L, Kwik-Uribe C, Evans EM, John W, Erdman J. Daily consumption of a dark chocolate containing flavanols and added sterol esters affects cardiovascular risk factors in a normotensive population with elevated cholesterol. J Nutr. 2008;138(4):725–73. When rounding to the nearest 10, numbers ending in “5” have been rounded to the nearest multiple of 20 to prevent systematic bias. Excel tables accompanying this publication