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Titanic propulsion was supplied by three main engines—two reciprocating four- cylinder, triple-expansion steam engines and one centrally placed low-pressure Parsons turbine—each driving a propeller. The two reciprocating engines had a combined output of 30,000 horsepower (22,000 kW). The output of the steam turbine was 16,000 horsepower (12,000kW). [16] The White Star Line had used the same combination of engines on an earlier liner, Laurentic, where it had been a great success. [29] It provided a good combination of performance and speed; reciprocating engines by themselves were not powerful enough to propel an Olympic-class liner at the desired speeds, while turbines were sufficiently powerful but caused uncomfortable vibrations, a problem that affected the all-turbine Cunard liners Lusitania and Mauretania. [30] By combining reciprocating engines with a turbine, fuel usage could be reduced and motive power increased, while using the same amount of steam. [31] The White Star Line's main offices still exist in Liverpool, standing in James Street within sight of the more grandiose headquarters of their rivals, the Cunard Building. The building has a plaque commemorating the fact that it was once the head office of the White Star Line. It was the first open plan office building in Liverpool. [166] J. Bruce Ismay had his office in the building.

The US Senate's inquiry into the disaster was initiated on 19 April, a day after Carpathia arrived in New York. [207] The chairman, Senator William Alden Smith, wanted to gather accounts from passengers and crew while the events were still fresh in their minds. Smith also needed to subpoena all surviving British passengers and crew while they were still on American soil, which prevented them from returning to the UK before the American inquiry was completed on 25 May. [208] The British press condemned Smith as an opportunist, insensitively forcing an inquiry as a means of gaining political prestige and seizing "his moment to stand on the world stage". Smith, however, already had a reputation as a campaigner for safety on US railroads, and wanted to investigate any possible malpractices by railroad tycoon J. P. Morgan, Titanic 's ultimate owner. [209] a b c d e f g h i j k Chirnside, Mark (2016). The 'Big Four' of the White Star Line Fleet: Celtic, Cedric, Baltic & Adriatic. Stroud, Gloucestershire: The History Press. ISBN 978-0-7509-6597-2.The work of constructing the ships was difficult and dangerous. For the 15,000 men who worked at Harland and Wolff at the time, [88] safety precautions were rudimentary at best; a lot of the work was carried out without equipment like hard hats or hand guards on machinery. As a result, during Titanic 's construction, 246 injuries were recorded, 28 of them "severe", such as arms severed by machines or legs crushed under falling pieces of steel. Six people died on the ship herself while she was being constructed and fitted out, and another two died in the shipyard workshops and sheds. [89] Just before the launch a worker was killed when a piece of wood fell on him. [90] The Australian run was successful and profitable for White Star, and largely uneventful for the ships. In the earliest days of the route the initial three ships were heavily used to transport men, soldiers and supplies to South Africa during the Boer War, while Suevic ran aground off Lizard Point, Cornwall in 1907. There were no casualties and, despite the ship being broken in two as part of an ambitious salvage operation, she was repaired and re-entered service in January 1908. [161] The success of the new Australian service in terms of freight led to White Star transferring an older cargo-only ship of a similar size to the Jubilee class, Cevic, from the New York service to the Australia Run. In 1910 Cevic was used to experiment with routing ships to Australia via the Suez Canal but she ran aground several times in the canal and the ships continued to operate via the Cape. Cevic was used on the Australia run on a seasonal basis, mainly carrying cattle and wool at the end of the Australian autumn (February–April) and then being switched to the New York run during the Atlantic summer. Cochkanoff, Greg; Chaulk, Bob (2009). SS Atlantic: The White Star Line's First Disaster at Sea. Fredericton: Goose Lane Editions. ISBN 978-0-86492-528-2. It was kept off-limits to passengers; the famous "flying" scene at the ship's bow from the 1997 film Titanic would not have been permitted in real life. The death toll of the sinking of Tek Sing in 1822 is not known exactly, but it may have exceeded that of Titanic.

a b Berg, Chris (13 April 2012). "The Real Reason for the Tragedy of the Titanic". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 14 June 2018 . Retrieved 8 August 2017.Main article: Olympic-class ocean liner Olympic of 1910 (45,324 GRT) Depiction of the sinking of the Titanic in 1912 One notable development associated with the introduction of these two new ships was that they were the first White Star liners to incorporate the three-class passenger system. Prior to this, White Star had made smaller attempts to enter the market for Second Class passengers on the North Atlantic by adding limited spaces for Second Class passengers on their older liners. Spaces for Second Class were added to Adriatic in 1884, Celtic in 1887 and Republic in 1888, often occupying one or two compartments formerly occupied by Steerage berths. [66] Third Class (commonly referred to as steerage) accommodations aboard Titanic were not as luxurious as First or Second Class, but were better than on many other ships of the time. They reflected the improved standards which the White Star Line had adopted for trans-Atlantic immigrant and lower-class travel. On most other North Atlantic passenger ships at the time, Third Class accommodations consisted of little more than open dormitories in the forward end of the vessels, in which hundreds of people were confined, often without adequate food or toilet facilities. Titanic had around 885 crew members on board for her maiden voyage. [106] Like other vessels of her time, she did not have a permanent crew, and the vast majority of crew members were casual workers who only came aboard the ship a few hours before she sailed from Southampton. [107] The process of signing up recruits had begun on 23 March and some had been sent to Belfast, where they served as a skeleton crew during Titanic 's sea trials and passage to England at the start of April. [108] Cain, Kathryn (January 2017). "Titantic tragedy caused by fire, not iceberg, claims journalist". News.com.au. The Sun. Archived from the original on 16 February 2018 . Retrieved 15 February 2018.

The car that went down with the Titanic". Fox News. 10 October 2016. Archived from the original on 6 January 2021 . Retrieved 24 November 2019. Measurement of lifeboats: 1–2: 25'2" long by 7'2" wide by 3'2" deep; 326.6 cubic feet (9.25m 3); 3–16: 30' long by 9'1" wide by 4' deep; 655.2 cubic feet (18.55m 3) and A–D: 27'5" long by 8' wide by 3' deep; 376.6 cubic feet (10.66m 3)Times, Marconi Transatlantic Wireless Telegraph To the New York (1 June 1912). "NAVAL BAN ON SEARCHLIGHTS; Non-Use by Merchant Ships Due to British Admiralty, It Is Charged". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 6 January 2021 . Retrieved 9 February 2019. Even before the survivors arrived in New York, investigations were being planned to discover what had happened, and what could be done to prevent a recurrence. Inquiries were held in both the United States and the United Kingdom, the former more robustly critical of traditions and practices, and scathing of the failures involved, and the latter broadly more technical and expert-orientated. [206] Lang, John (2012). Titanic: A Fresh Look at the Evidence by a Former Chief Inspector of Marine Accidents. Rowman & Littlefield. p.124. ISBN 978-1442218925. RMS Olympic on sea trials with collapsible, port side, alongside #1 funnel". Archived from the original on 6 January 2021 . Retrieved 24 November 2019. Official investigation report – the sinking of RMS Titanic (PDF) (1ed.). London: The final board of inquiry. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 October 2017 . Retrieved 27 July 2017.